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Accredited Social Health Activist
(詳細はcommunity health workers instituted by the government of India's Ministry of Health and Family Welfare (MoHFW) as part of the National Rural Health Mission (NRHM).〔Ministry of Health and Family Welfare (MoHFW). (2005c). ASHA. Government of India. Accessed July 20, 2008 from http://mohfw.nic.in/NRHM/asha.htm〕 The mission began in 2005; full implementation was targeted for 2012. Once fully implemented, there is to be "an ASHA in every village" in India, a target that translates into 250,000 ASHAs in 10 states.〔(MoHFW. National Rural Health Mission 2005-2012: Mission Document )〕 The grand total number of ASHAs in India was reported in July 2013 to be 870,089.〔(MoHFW. Update on the ASHA programme, July 2013 )〕 There are 859,331 ASHAs in 32 states and union territories as per the data provided by the states in December 2014. This excludes data from the states of Himachal Pradesh, Goa, Puducherry and Chandigarh, since the selection of ASHA is under way in these states. 〔Update on the ASHA programme, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, January 2015.
http://ashavani.org/images/docs/Update-on-ASHA-Programme-January-2015.pdf〕
==Roles and responsibilities==
ASHAs are local women trained to act as health educators and promoters in their communities. The Indian MoHFW describes them as:〔National Institute of Health and Family Welfare. (2005) “Frequently Asked Questions on ASHA.” Government of India. Accessed April 23, 2007 from http://www.nihfw.org/ndc-nihfw/UploadedDocs/FrequentlyAskedQuestionsASHA.doc+accredited+social+health+activist&hl=en&ct=clnk&cd=3&gl=ca&client=firefox-a〕
...health activist(s) in the community who will create awareness on health and its social determinants and mobilize the community towards local health planning and increased utilization and accountability of the existing health services.
Their tasks include motivating women to give birth in hospitals, bringing children to immunization clinics, encouraging family planning (e.g., surgical sterilization), treating basic illness and injury with first aid, keeping demographic records, and improving village sanitation.〔Ministry of Health and Family Welfare (MoHFW). (2005c). ASHA.. Government of India. Accessed July 20, 2008 from http://mohfw.nic.in/NRHM/asha.htm〕 ASHAs are also meant to serve as a key communication mechanism between the healthcare system and rural populations.〔Ministry of Health and Family Welfare (MoHFW). (2005a). National Rural Health Mission: Mission Document. Government of India. Accessed July 1, 2008 from http://mohfw.nic.in/NRHM/Documents/NRHM%20Mission%20Document.pdf〕
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